The name dates to the 19th century, far predating the formation of independent Indonesia. The name Indonesia derives from Greek words of Indos ( Ἰνδός) and nesos ( νῆσος), meaning "Indian islands". The country is a member of several multilateral organisations, including the United Nations, World Trade Organization, G20, and a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, East Asia Summit, and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. It is a regional power and is considered a middle power in global affairs. The economy of Indonesia is the world's 17th-largest by nominal GDP and the 7th-largest by PPP. A shared identity has developed with the motto " Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" ("Unity in Diversity" literally, "many, yet one"), defined by a national language, cultural diversity, religious pluralism within a Muslim-majority population, and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it. Indonesia consists of hundreds of distinct native ethnic and linguistic groups, with Javanese being the largest. However, it was not until 1949 that the Dutch recognised Indonesia's sovereignty following an armed and diplomatic conflict between the two. The concept of "Indonesia" as a nation-state emerged in the early 20th century, culminating later in the proclamation of Indonesian Independence in 1945. Although the Portuguese, the French, and the British also ruled at some point, the Dutch were the foremost colonial power for much of their 350-year presence in the archipelago. Sunni traders and Sufi scholars brought Islam, while Christianity was spread by European missionaries. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign influences from the early centuries, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. The Indonesian archipelago has been a valuable region for trade since at least the 7th century when Srivijaya and later Majapahit traded with entities from mainland China and the Indian subcontinent. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support one of the world's highest levels of biodiversity. Indonesia shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia, as well as maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and India ( Andaman and Nicobar Islands). The country's capital, Jakarta, is the world's second-most populous urban area.
It has 34 provinces, of which five have special status.
Indonesia is a presidential republic with an elected legislature. Java, the world's most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population. With over 270 million people, Indonesia is the world's fourth-most populous country and the most populous Muslim-majority country. Indonesia is the world's largest island country and the 14th-largest country by area, at 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358 square miles). It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea. Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans.
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